A mere 150 years ago, while countries in the West and elsewhere were undergoing rapid industrialization, Japan was still a traditional, agricultural society ruled by samurai and closed off from the rest of the world. But after Japan's borders opened in the 19th century, the country quickly modernized, putting itself on a technological footing with the industrialized world within a matter of decades. This time on Japanology Plus, we look at Japan's rapid industrial growth, both in the 19th century and again after the devastation of the Second World War.