By the 1960s, a computer could do university-level calculus and play chess, but the search for a true thinking machine turned out to be a lot more difficult than anyone had dreamed. The history of artificial intelligence, from Minsky to neural networks. Interviews: Marvin Minsky (MIT), Hubert Dreyfus (UC Berkeley), Edward Feigenbaum (Stanford University), Hans Moravec (Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute), Doug Lenat (University of Texas, Austin), Dean Pomerleau (Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute), Terrence Sejnowski (Salk Institute)